Exiled from Šibenik by occupying Italian forces during World War II. Moved to Zagreb where he studied law. At the end of WWII escaped the communist regime of Yugoslavia and fled to Austria in 1945. Migrated as a political refugee to the USA in 1952. Settled in New York where he began studies in history at Columbia University. Awarded his Phd in 1964. Lectured in history at Rutgers University and St Francis College, Penn. retired in 1992. Co-founder of The Croatian Academy of America in 1982.81

Author of Pola stolječa hrvatske politike 1960